Zakaj bi nekdo pri zdravi pameti in trezne glave sploh poskušal našteti vse sopomenke glagola »piti« oz. »napiti se« v ruskem jeziku? Deluje kot misija nemogoče.
A avtor, ki je na Twitterju poskušal prav to in vsak izraz pospremil s komentarjem za angleško govoreče, si zagotovo zasluži priznanje. No, mi smo seznam prilagodili za slovensko publiko.
Seveda začenjamo z izrazom »buhat’« (бухать). Rusi ta glagol uporabljajo, ko imajo pred sabo zelo jasen cilj – napiti se ga do konca. Zli jeziki bi morda cel ta proces opisali kot »zgodovina Rusije v malem«.
OK, let's see how many I can conjure up in my memory without doing any Google searches...
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
I will start, of course, with "bukhat", which means "to drink purposefully and resolutely with the express goal of getting drunk", an act also known as "the history of Russia." pic.twitter.com/a4FN9K7Wpj
Prav nasprotno od predhodnega glagola se »prinjat’« (принять) v prevodu »sprejeti«, uporablja v smislu »popiti nekaj na hitro«, ravno toliko, da alkohol začne delovati. Ekvivalent v slovenščini bi bil »zvrniti« nekaj kozarčkov. Rusi to počnejo, ko potrebujejo ohrabritev in odločnost pri reševanju vsakdanjih težav.
The opposite of "bukhat" is "prinyat", which translates directly as "to take" (as in "to take medicine"). It means "to have a quick drink to get just a bit tipsy, giving one the resolve needed to face the daily torture of Russian life or quell the throbbing of the Russian soul." pic.twitter.com/pCssd0xWtF
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Пропустить pomeni podobno kot prejšnji glagol, samo malo manj intenzivno in brez nuje, da se človek napije. Rusi to radi počnejo v dobri družbi.
"Propustit" ("to pass through oneself") is almost a synonym to "prinyat" but implies a more nonchalant attitude, where getting tipsy isn't done by necessity (because, hello, Russia!) but for the fun of it and out of an established habit. "Propustit" is always done in good company pic.twitter.com/ggeVoA34ik
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
(Накатить) Dobesedno »navaljati«. Podobno kot predhodni glagol tudi ta podrazumeva hitro konzumiranje alkohola, torej proces, ki ne traja dolgo. A za razliko od prejšnjega so tukaj doze večje in rezultat je vidnejši. Slovenska ustreznica bi morda bila »nalokati se«.
"Nakatit" ("to roll on") is similar in that it also implies a quick drink rather than a prolonged, dedicated activity, but is in a slightly heavier weight class. When involved in "nakatit", the doze may be bigger and the results more noticeable. It's "prinyat" for real men pic.twitter.com/IAmT62NCe3
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Če vam glagol нажраться zveni kot »nažreti se«, potem se ne motite. Pomeni namreč prav to – napiti se do skrajnih meja brez obzira na manire in eleganco.
"Nazhratsya" is where we are getting into good stuff. Literally, it's equivalent to "stuffing one's face", but it always means "to get sloppily drunk in an undignified manner." A person to whom the word refers can never be considered a respectable member of the drinking community pic.twitter.com/PBdfsSz064
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Nabrat’sja (набраться) dobesedno pomeni »nabrati (se)«. V kontekstu pitja pomeni isto kot prejšnji glagol, vendar zveni malo elegantneje in pomeni malo manjšo dozo alkohola v krvi oziroma višji družbeni status pijanca.
"Nabratsya" (literally "to fill oneself") sounds and means almost the same but isn't quite as derisive and may imply a less revolting condition or a higher societal status of the drunk. A Russian man is not expected to go through life without at least one episode of "nabratsya." pic.twitter.com/728rtLCHmM
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Ta glagol ima nekoliko specifičen pomen: »vrniti se domov pijan«. Uporabljajo ga v glavnem žene, ko govorijo o svojih možeh. »Nalizalsja opjat’!« (Нализался опять!) - »Spet se je napil!«
"Nalizalsya" (lit. "licked his fill") has a very specific meaning, which is "to arrive at the doorstep embarrassingly drunk late at night to the dismay of one's extremely angry wife" as this word is almost exclusively wielded by wives in the phrase "nalizalsya again!" pic.twitter.com/V4q0z5sawd
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Квасить je še ena verzija prej omenjenega glagola »buhat’«. Pomeni ležernejši odnos do celotnega »procesa« z izdatno mero humorja.
"Kvasit" ("to pickle/ferment oneself") is similar to "bukhat", but it's a more folksy, happy-go-lucky type of phrase. The goals of the collective are the same but the masses are perhaps approaching the task with slightly more good humor. pic.twitter.com/LVgnBfjY5E
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Ta glagol se uporablja, ko se človek tako napije, da več ne razlikuje med realnostjo in domišljijo.
"Naglyukatsya" ("to get into a hallucinating condition") is getting us back to the "undignified/sloppy drunk" territory and does, as the word suggests, imply raving, talking with imaginary friends, performing self-criticism before the comrades and engaging in feats of strength. pic.twitter.com/hz1OMIyEVm
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Dobesedno »zaliti oči«. Uporablja se za osebo, ki se ga je toliko napila, da več ne prepoznava ljudi okoli sebe.
"Zalit glaza" ("to fill one's eyes") is a classical phrase dating back to the Czarist times. People who want to feel more with it and modern can substitute "glaza" for "zenki", a more slangish term. In either case, it means to get into a state where you don't recognize folks pic.twitter.com/McAWMJb8Xm
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Dobesedno »zatakniti za ovratnik«. Izraz izvira v 19. stoletju in zveni aristokratsko. Prvotno je označeval zatikanje prtička za ovratnik pred začetkom pitja.
"Zalozhit za vorotnik" ("to stuff it under one's collar") is also a XIX c. turn of phrase and is positively aristocratic, implying a napkin being tucked under one's shirt before the procedure of getting wasted commences. A modicum of self-respect is important to the Motherland. pic.twitter.com/E2wA7erk9t
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
V dobesednem prevodu pomeni »sprejeti na prsi« in kaže na to, da v Rusiji pijančevanje ni zmeraj zabava in sprostitev, ampak je lahko težaven podvig. Že stari Rusi so govorili: »Piti ni isto kot ukvarjati se s športom, za pitje je potrebno mnogo kondicije.«
"Prinyat na grud" ("to perform a chest press") is a phrase that properly showcases the act of drinking in Russia as hard and necessary labor rather than pleasurable activity. As the old adage says, "drinking is not playing sports; you need a lot of health here." pic.twitter.com/3oDqJ2J7P3
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Vrezat’ (врезать) pomeni hitro izpiti večjo dozo, neodvisno od okoliščin in posledic.
"Vrezat" is a particularly aggressive term deriving from both the word for "to cut" and the slang term for "to punch straight in the goddamn face." It implies a quick, purposeful intake of a large doze regardless of circumstances and consequences. A cavalry attack of drinking. pic.twitter.com/6PiAB9P4ck
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Раздавить pomeni dobesedno »zdrobiti« in se uporablja takrat, ko je govora o celi steklenici močnega alkohola. Tega glagola ne gre uporabljati v primeru steklenice piva … Slovenska ustreznica bi morda bila »stolči celo steklenico«.
"Razdavit" ("to squish one") can only be applied to an entire bottle of hard liquor. One can't be said to "razdavit" a glass or a bottle of beer (what are we, Americans, to get drunk on fizzy stuff?), it's rather a decisive triumph of our glorious forces over the impossible odds. pic.twitter.com/Q4mRUG7wZ8
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Glagol v dobesednem prevodu pomeni »trzniti« in predvideva navadno nek razlog za pitje.
"Vzdrognut" ("to shudder") is a more esoteric term, which usually implies a ritualistic drink on a specific occasion that traditionally calls for one (saying goodbye to a friend, saying hello to a neighbor or... I don't know... Tuesday?). It carries a real "ain't no thing" vibe. pic.twitter.com/g6eWOAUULc
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Тяпнуть ima enak pomen kot »vrezat’«, v prenesenem smislu (ko govorimo o alkoholu) označuje hitro in odločnejše postopanje brez premlevanja.
"Tyapnut" ("to hack one") and "deryabnut" ("to bang one") have the same basic meaning as "vrezat" in that a quick, decisive, cavalier action is implied, but both sound amicable and less aggressive. Again, a rather humorous attitude to the idea of getting seriously wasted is shown pic.twitter.com/siwdIq7wst
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Остограммиться je eden najbolj inovativnih izrazov za pitje, ki je precej tehnične narave. Glagol vsebuje besedi »sto« (сто) in »gram« (грамм), v Rusiji pa alkohol merijo v gramih in tudi vodka se pije iz večjih kozarcev, kot pa je naš priljubljen »štamperle«. Slovenskega prevoda za »ostogramiti se« seveda ni, a pomen je jasen – napiti se s 100-gramskimi dozami.
"Ostogrammitsya" is a real triumph of literary Russian as it's literally means "to anoint oneself with (or "to avail oneself of") 100 grams." If you ever use this phrase, you let everyone know that you are involved in a sacred ritual of Russianness and not some slovenly vice. pic.twitter.com/feCuZKa8nA
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
»Hrjuknut’« (хрюкнуть) je dovršni vid glagola »hrjukat’« (хрюкать), ki pomeni kruliti (kot svinja). Ko govorimo o alkoholu, gre tukaj za enkratno dejanje, medtem ko cel proces opisuje glagol »hrjukat’sja« (хрюкаться). Kakorkoli, pomen je jasen.
On the opposite end of the spectrum of respectability is "khryuknut" which literally means "to oink." It's obvious that a person who does this cannot hold his liquor and will be reduced to the Orwellian vision of the Soviet society in a matter of minutes. For shame, comrade! pic.twitter.com/djcwad3AXR
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Обмыть dobesedno pomeni »sprati« ali »umiti«, v prenesenem pomenu pa pomeni ritualno proslaviti nek uspeh. V slovenščini bi lahko rekli »zaliti« nekaj (novo službo, narejen izpit, rojstvo otroka itd.). V Rusiji se sicer zelo pogosto uporablja specifično ob nakupu avtomobila, torej »umiti« avto.
The term "obmyt" ("to wash something off") has an extremely specific meaning. It means "to have a ritualistic drink in order to celebrate a major purchase, thus making such purchase lucky and durable." Usually reserved for cars, an action Russians see absolutely no irony in. pic.twitter.com/DHjJs7RwRD
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Izraz je pesniški in bi ga lahko prevedli v smislu »prepustiti se kroženju alkohola v naravi«, »spojiti se s tem procesom«. Tipični ruski »zapoj« nastopi, ko človek neprekinjeno in po več dni, tedne ali celo mesece ne počne ničesar drugega, kot pije.
... Which is "uiti v zapoy", a phrase that literally means "to go away into the vortex of drinking." And yes, it has both the escapist and the morbid connotations at the same time. A "zapoy" is often translated as "binge" into English, but it's not entirely correct...
— Slava Malamud (@SlavaMalamud) June 11, 2019
Preberite še:
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